The effect of ceramic filter composition on improving the quality of produced water by reducing total dissolved solids (TDS), barium, and phenol for reverse osmosis (RO) treatment was investigated in the present work. The ceramic filters were fabricated using a residue catalytic cracking (RCC) unit spent catalyst with and without activation, clay, and Dioscorea hispida starch (DHS), at various compositions.  The result showed that the optimum removal of TDS, barium, and phenol in produced water was achieved at a flow rate of sample 7 L/min and an operating time of 90 min. Ceramic filter with the composition of 60% spent catalyst without activation: 37.5% clay: 2.5% DHS reduced 34.84% TDS, 27.97% barium, and 71.11% phenol. While, the ceramic filter with a composition of 37.5% activated spent catalyst: 60% clay: 2.5% DHS was removed 51.44% TDS, 27.93% barium, and 85.29% phenol from produced water. The next steps of treatment of filtrates of the ceramic filter using reverse osmosis (RO) membrane showed that the permeate met the Indonesian standard for oil and gas wastewater. In addition, adsorption of TDS, barium, and phenol from produced water was dominated by clay composition in the ceramic filter.

Probabilistic data structures are so popular in membership queries, network applications, and databases and so on. Bloom Filter and Cuckoo Filter are two popular space efficient models that incorporate in set membership checking part of many important protocols. They are compact representations of data that use hash functions to randomize a set of items. Being able to store more elements while keeping a reasonable false positive probability is a key factor of design. A new algorithm is proposed to improve some of the performance properties of Cuckoo Filter such as false positive rate and insertion performance and solve some drawbacks of the Cuckoo algorithm such as endless loop. Main characteristic of the Bloom Filter is used to improve Cuckoo Filter, so we have a smart Cuckoo Filter which is modified by Bloom Filter so called as SCFMBF. SCFMBF uses the same table of buckets as Cuckoo Filter but instead of storing constant Fingerprints, it stores Bloom Filters. Bloom Filters can be accumulated in the table’ s buckets which leads to higher insertion feasibility. We also address the endless loop problem of Cuckoo Filter that means an inserted item is stuck in an iterative process of finding an empty bucket, so a smart algorithm is designed which not only solves endless loop problems but also prevents insertion failure. Hence our smart algorithm prevents double checking of a bucket and avoids making loops. Consequently, the capacity of SCFMBF is improved significantly. Results of comparison with Cuckoo Filter shows that false positive probability of SCFMBF method is enhanced compared to Cuckoo Filter.

There exist some differences between different strains of the nitrogen fixing bacteria in legumes tolerant to salt. Correct selection of bacterial strains resistant to salt can help increase the nitrogen fixation in soils. The study of negative effect of this factor in nitrogen fixation can help us in correct utilization of land. Study of the role of bacterial and plant cell cytoplasmic membrane which are part of the symbiotic process can help use symbiotic nitrogen fixation for increasing the yield. This study showed that within Lupine and Lucerna and their symbiotic bacteria there are a lot of differences in respect to salt tolerant levels. Lupine had 100 mM and Lucerna 175 mM concentration resistance in root growth conditions and their symbiotic bacteria Lupine tolerated 50mM .and Lucerna 400 mM (NaCl) in solid media conditions, respectively. No active transport to outside the cell through the cytoplasmic layer and their symbiotic constituents (Bacteroids, Cymbiocom) takes place and the salt resistant could be attributed to the intercellular compoundswhich cause osmotic pressure.

In this research, we studied isolation of the cellulolitic fungi from the persimmon tree, grapevine, pomegranate tree and walnut soils. Among of them, persimmon soil was selected because of maximum cellulolitic fungi. Seven fungi werw isolated from persimmon soil, which three of them had suitable cellulose activity and they were identificated by 18S rRNA and named: Aspergillus niger MZM 89-a2, Penicillium decumbens ZHE 89-p3, Penicillium decumbens MMH 89-p1. Cellulase activities of these fungi were respectively (U/d): FPA 3.1671, 3.5740, 3.1812 and Avicelase 1.6605, 0.3869, 1.1451 and CMCase 2.950, 0.2644, 0.4604. Response surface activity (RSM) was studied to evaluate the effects of temperature, moisture content and particle size for FPA by Aspergillus niger MZM 89-a2. The optimum FPA was in temperature, moisture content and particle size respectively: 28.49oC, 66.62٪ and 1.5-2 (mm). The maximum predicted FPA was 4.35 (U/g) and obtained FPA under this condition was 4.42 (U/g), which indicates the efficacy of the model for prediction of FPA activity under different conditions of the medium.